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5 Important Celtic Crosses of Ireland

July 11, 2022July 11, 2022 Kierand LLC

The Celtic cross is one of the most well-known Irish symbols and Celtic symbols. Other well-known examples are the Claddagh and the harp. They are significant reminders of our ancestry since they are steeped in history. It’s possible that their history, significance, and symbolism may blow your mind!

A minimum of sixty Celtic crosses can be found in Ireland, in addition to a number of ancient ruins. The majority of the Celtic crosses that are still in existence today were commissioned and built up until around the middle of the 12th century. After the end of the 12th century, hardly any new crosses were built, and this practice almost completely died out.

These magnificent crosses were often put up as boundary markers, such as at the intersections of parishes, or as memorials encircling monasteries, cathedrals, or churches. In certain cases, they were also utilized as a form of transportation. It is a common misconception that they were used as gravestones, although that was not the case. However, since the 1850s, modern crosses have seen an upsurge in favor of usage as gravestones.

The elaborate carvings that can be seen on many of these crosses add a great deal to their aesthetic value. The crosses’ fundamental form is not the only thing that makes them attractive. The degree of attention to detail and the high quality of the artwork are characteristics that are often reserved for priceless manuscripts like the Book of Kells.

What is the earliest known example of a Celtic cross?

Carndonagh, in County Donegal, is home to what is sometimes referred to as the Donagh or St. Patrick’s Cross. This cross is said to be one of the earliest free-standing stone crosses to have survived in Ireland. According to local folklore, Saint Patrick and his Irish missionaries established a church or monastery at this location sometime around the fifth century. One of the earliest examples of a Christian cross to be seen outside of mainland Europe, the St. Patrick’s High Cross, also known as the Donagh Cross, dates back to the seventh century. The stone, which formerly belonged to an early Christian monastery established by St. Patrick and can be located on Church Road next to the Carndonagh Community School, was removed at some point.

5 Important Celtic Crosses of Ireland:

The High Crosses of Kells, Co Meath
Celtic Cross of the Scriptures, County Offaly
Celtic cross in Drumcliffe, County Sligo
St. Patrick’s High Cross
Muiredach Celtic Cross, County Louth

CELTIC CROSSES OF IMPORTANCE ARE LOCATED IN IRELAND

The following are examples of some of the most significant Celtic crosses that can be found throughout Ireland. This brief list is not meant to be exhaustive; rather, its purpose is to provide a concise explanation of some of the crosses that are considered to be more noteworthy. If you can think of an important Celtic cross that we have neglected, by all means, please use the comment function at the foot of this page, and we will do our best to add information about the cross based on what you tell us.

The High Crosses of Kells, Co Meath

Monks from the monastery of Saint Colmcille on Iona have been credited for re-founding the Monastery at Kells in the year 804 CE. In addition to the Book of Kells, the town is well-known for the five High Crosses that can be found there. The Market cross is the fifth and most well-known of the crosses, and it is situated on the grounds of St. Columcille’s Church on the west side of town. Three of the crosses and the base of a fourth cross are also placed on the grounds of the church. At the moment, it may be found on the northern side of the old Navan Road, to the west of the old courthouse, at its original location.

The South Cross, also known as the Cross of St. Patrick and St. Columba, is regarded to be the oldest cross at Kells. It is the most well-known and well-recognized of all the crosses at Kells. Sandstone was used to sculpt this structure, which is 3.3 meters tall and made from a single piece.

The historic heritage of Clonmacnoise, Ireland

Celtic Cross of the Scriptures, County Offaly

Two whole High Crosses and the shaft of a third may be found among the various artifacts that were discovered at Clonmacnoise. The most well-known artifact, the Cross of the Scriptures, which is sometimes referred to as King Flann’s Cross, serves as the centerpiece of the recently constructed interpretative center. The monastic colony at Clonmacnoise was established in the sixth century and is comprised of the remains of a cathedral as well as seven churches and two round towers. Two high crosses are among the numerous ruins that can be seen in Clonmacnoise, and both of them are still in their original condition. Around thirty years ago, in order to ensure their continued existence, these two crosses were relocated inside of the interpretative center. Replicas of extraordinary quality have been installed in their former places outside the building. The Crucifixion is depicted in the middle of the Cross of the Scriptures on the west face of the structure. Other biblical scenes are also included.

High Cross of Drumciffe with sculptured panels of Adam and Eve, Cain and Abel, Daniel in the Lion’s Den, Christ in Glory, the Crucifixion

Celtic Cross in Drumcliffe, County Sligo

This exquisitely carved High Cross may be seen at Drumcliffe, which is located in County Sligo. Saint Colmcille is credited with establishing a monastery at this location in the sixth century. The Cross was most likely made in the 11th century. The church and cemetery where W. B. Yeats is buried may be seen in the background of this picture.

St. Patrick’s High Cross

One of the earliest examples of a Christian cross to be seen outside of mainland Europe, the St. Patrick’s High Cross, also known as the Donagh Cross, dates back to the seventh century. The stone, which formerly belonged to an early Christian monastery established by St. Patrick and can be located on Church Road next to the Carndonagh Community School, was removed at some point. This gorgeously ornamented Cross is a fusion of old Celtic art and Christian traditions, as seen by its use of biblical themes. The Cross of Saint Patrick is regarded as one of the most significant early Christian relics in Britain and Ireland and may be seen in the town of Carndonagh, which is located in the county of Donegal. It occupies the site of an ancient church that was established by Saint Patrick.

Muiredach’s Cross, Monasterboice Monastery in southern Ireland. Celtic High Cross in the historic ruins of Monasterboice, an early Christian settlement near Drogheda in County Louth, Ireland.

Muiredach Celtic Cross, County Louth

This stunning example of Celtic design is widely acknowledged to be among the country’s most outstanding examples. The towering crucifix reaches a height of only a hair under 18 feet. It is largely agreed upon that Muiredach mac Domhnaill, the individual responsible for the building of the cross, is the source of the name of the cross. He died in 923.

The depiction of biblical events on the cross panels had a significant impact on the overall design of the instrument. In broad strokes, the east side of the structure is influenced more by the Old Testament, while the New Testament is more apparent on the west side. Additionally, there are a few panels the significance of which is not quite obvious.

Considering we sell a number of different Celtic Crosses in the shape of jewelry and other types of Irish gifts, we are often questioned about the components that make up a Celtic cross. We have high hopes that you will find this post informative and entertaining, and that you will take away something new from reading it. Maybe even make plans to visit this religious monument one day. They are truly a sight to see. We hope you enjoy our collection of Traditional Celtic Cross Necklaces and Unique Celtic Cross Pendants in Gold and Silver. Celtic Cross Jewelry is inspired by Irish and Scottish Heritage.

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The Origins of the Term ‘Black Irish’

June 28, 2022June 28, 2022 Kierand LLC

Occasionally, people may refer to people of Irish descent as “Black Irish.” But have you ever stopped to think about where it originates? The phrase “Black Irish” has been in use for hundreds of years, and several brands of Irish whiskey, including Mariah Carey’s Black Irish cream liqueur and Darker Still Spirits Company Black Irish Whiskey, have even named their product lines after the phrase.

In spite of this, if you ask your coworker or your acquaintance what it means, they will most likely be at a loss for words. While it was most certainly used originally in a derogatory fashion, the term “Black Irish” is now considered a badge of honor. Just ask my black Irish husband, whose family name ironically, in Gaelic derives, from the word “dearg,” which means red.

What does the term black Irish mean?

The term “black Irish” refers to persons of Irish descent who are supposed to be descendants of the Spanish Armada, which sailed around the middle of the 15th century, and had dark hair and or eyes. The term is used among people of Irish descent and sometimes confuses people since it doesn’t refer to dark skin color.

Where Did the Term “Black Irish” Come From?

People of European descent in the United States came up with innovative methods to differentiate different ethnic European groupings and sub-groups from one another throughout times of significant immigration from Europe to the United States.

Because the vast majority of Irish people have light brown hair about 65 percent, and only 15 percent have black hair while the vast majority of Irish people have fair skin and either blue or green eyes. Classifying this subgroup with the term “black Irish” made it easy to differentiate them from other people of Irish descent.

This was a means of pointing out that black Irish people are different from the majority of people who have more traits that are more characteristically Irish, but funny enough, it should also be emphasized that the number of black Irish is more than the number of redheaded Irish.

Black Irish Celebrities and Public Figures

Here are a few examples of black Irish public figures and celebrities who are of Irish descent in Ireland. All of them have Irish heritage, and in the common parlance, all of them are referred to as being black Irish.

Colin Farrell
Enya
Paul Ryan
Lara Flynn Boyle
Peter Gallagher
Rob James Collier
Jennifer Connelly

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Emblem of Royalty and Authenticity: THE IRISH WOLFHOUND

June 28, 2022June 28, 2022 Kierand LLC

Since time immemorial, the Irish Wolfhound has been recognized as one of the most prestigious dog breeds that can be found on the Emerald Isle. In honor of National Dog Day, let’s take a look back at the evolution of one of the most popular pets. National Dog Day is recognized worldwide on August 26th annually. We celebrate all dogs and encourage adoption.

The Irish Wolfhound has a long and illustrious history, making it one of the most easily recognized symbols of Ireland. Since the time of the ancient high kings and continuing all the way up to the Irish military battalions of the First World War, the Wolfhound has been an enduring and trustworthy friend for the Irish people.

The Irish Wolfhound, an Ancient Species

The Irish Wolfhound is one of the breeds of dogs that have been around the longest. According to relics from the distant past, this specific breed of dog has been present in Ireland for at least 273BC, years before the common era. They were great for hunting huge animals like deer, boar, and even massive elk or stag because of their terrifyingly immense size, which descended from their wolf ancestors. These gorgeous canines were also terrifyingly enormous.

A Genuine Case of Blue Blood

The Old Irish elite preferred to keep Wolfhounds as pets because of the breed’s exceptional hunting abilities. In point of fact, according to Brehon Law, these majestic beasts could only be owned by Kings and Chieftans. The status also determined how many dogs a person was allowed to have in their household.

The Irish Wolfhound was also well-known for its use in battle. Warriors from ancient Celtic civilization were known to take their canine allies into combat with them. The enormous canines would demonstrate their superiority in combat by yanking soldiers off of horses and out of chariots. In point of fact, because of the exceptional fighting ability of the Wolfhound, they were so highly sought that wars were fought over them. It was also regarded as a badge of honor for ancient warriors to have the prefix “C,” which is the Gaelic word for the hound, added to the beginning of their name.

Is it true that Irish Wolfhounds are the largest dog breed in the world?

The Irish Wolfhound size is nothing short of remarkable. There is one breed of dog, the Irish Wolfhound, that almost always holds the record of being the longest dog in terms of its length. The most recent dog to get the title of the longest dog from GWR was an Irish Wolfhound called Farrell. He had a total length of 7 feet and 9 inches, which measured from the tip of his snout all the way to the tip of his tail.

Is an Irish Wolfhound a suitable choice for a family pet?

Because of their big size and powerful build, Irish Wolfhounds are sometimes referred to as “gentle giants,” and they may make wonderful companions if they are raised in the correct environment. However, because of these characteristics, the breed may not be suitable for everyone. Despite the fact that they seem to have a laid-back attitude, they need a lot of physical activity and area to move about in.

The Irish Wolfhound is not the breed for you if you are searching for a dog with a lengthy life expectancy. The Irish Wolfhound’s lifespan is anywhere between six and eight years, and his enormous size makes him more susceptible to a variety of health issues. Although an Irish Wolfhound’s size may be intimidating to a potential intruder, the breed is not well-suited for the role of a guard dog.

The Irish Wolfhound is a historic breed of sighthound dog that originates in Ireland. Due to its presence and significant size, the Irish Wolfhound has been the subject of several works of literature, poetry, and folklore. The towering statue of the Irish wolfhound is one of the breed’s most distinguishing features. The Irish Wolfhound is a type of dog that may grow to be as large as a miniature pony and is considered to be one of the tallest breeds in the world.

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Ireland’s Aging Population

June 27, 2022June 27, 2022 Kierand LLC

In mid-June of 2022 Ireland will be conducting a census of sorts to determine the age of the country’s population. It is called The Irish LongituDinal Study on Ageing or TILDA.

What does Tilda stand for?

TILDA, which stands for the Irish Longitudinal Research on Ageing, is a large-scale, nationally representative, longitudinal project on aging in Ireland. The ultimate goal of this study is to make Ireland the greatest location in the world to grow old.

TILDA conducts a series of data collecting waves once every two years with the aim of obtaining information from adults aged 50 and older regarding all aspects of their health as well as their economic and social conditions. TILDA stands apart from other longitudinal studies due to the comprehensive nature of the physical, mental, and cognitive health measurements it collects. TILDA is one of the most thorough research projects of its kind both in Europe and worldwide as a result of these data as well as the substantial social and economic data that is also included in the study.

Is Ireland’s population aging?

Well, it’s sorta a pandora‘s box question. According to the findings of recent scientific studies published by Ireland’s Minister Donohoe from the Irish Dept. of Finance, the Irish are unequivocal and unmistakable living longer. The average lifespan in Ireland is increasing, while the country’s birthrate is decreasing. To put it another way, Ireland’s population is becoming older. This natural process is expected to pick up speed in the not-too-distant and more distant future.

What is the largest age group in Ireland?

In the Republic of Ireland in the year 2021, calculators estimate there were approximately 742,300 people who were aged 65 or older, compared to 1.25 million people who were between the ages of 45 and 64, almost 1.39 million people who were between the ages of 25 and 44, and 635,600 people who were between the ages of 15 and 24.

Although Ireland is now considered to be a “young” country, the percentage of senior citizens is expected to significantly increase in the years to come. Although there is not one specific age at which individuals are required to retire in Ireland, 65 is typically considered to be the age at which the majority of people retire. There are maximum ages that participants must be to be allowed to participate in specific activities, such as entering certain professions.

Is Ireland a good location for braving retirement?

If you want to retire in Ireland as a person with independent means, you need to have an annual income of at least €50,000 by the time you do so. You should also have ready access to a large quantity of money so that you can meet any unexpectedly high costs. This one-time payment should be about equivalent to, for instance, the cost of a single-family home in the state.

In conclusion, one thing is for sure there is an abundance of activities for retirees in Ireland looking to lead peaceful and active lifestyles. Such activities include golfing, hiking, fishing, gardening, and sightseeing. Ireland is also centrally located for easy and fairly inexpensive travel to Europe for adventurous spirits.

Interesting Stories, Ireland, Irish Legends, Irish Traditions, Peaceful Cottage, Travel Ireland

The Irish Flag Meaning and History

June 26, 2022June 26, 2022 Kierand LLC

Perhaps one of the best-known symbols of Ireland is the Irish flag. It doesn’t take a rocket scientist to figure out why the flag of the Republic of Ireland is called the tricolor. The Irish flag consists of three different colors. The flag is a rectangle with three broad vertical stripes in the colors green, white, and orange.

Whenever the flag is flown, it is always flown such that the green stripe is closest to the flagpole. Each band is required to be of the same proportions, and the overall size of the Irish flag should be proportionately double its height. There is no question that each of the three colors on the Irish flag represents something significant.

Meaning of the Irish Flag Colors

What do the different colors on the Irish flag represent and what do they stand for? This is perhaps the topic that comes up the most frequently when people ask us about the Irish flag.

The color green is associated with Roman Catholics. On Saint Patrick’s Day, did you happen to notice how many people were wearing emerald or shamrock green? Orange is the color associated with Irish Presbyterians. Because of their allegiance to the protestant William of Orange, King William III of England, they are popularly referred to as “Orangemen,”, particularly on the Northern Irish side of the border. This moniker originated in Northern Ireland. The yearning for unity and peace between the two communities is represented by the single white stripe in the center of the flag. During this time when the Irish tricolor was first flown, the country was deeply divided between Catholics and Protestants.

A Wee Bit O Irish Flag History

The history of the flag that represents Ireland is a fascinating one. The present version of the Irish tricolor was conceived of and created by a collective of French ladies who were sympathetic to the Irish struggle.

They gave Thomas Francis Meagher, who was the head of the political Irish Nationalist Movement at the time, the tricolor in the year 1848. Meagher was the face of the movement at the time. When he was presented with the flag, he is reputed to have made the following statement: “The white in the center signifies a lasting truce between Orange and Green and I trust that beneath its folds the hands of Irish Protestants and Irish Catholics may be clasped in generous and heroic brotherhood.”

When Meagher hoisted the tricolor in Waterford, it proudly fluttered for eight days and nights until it was brought down by the British. Meagher was responsible for hanging the flag.

The uprisings that occurred across Europe in 1848 served as an inspiration for Meagher and the other members of the Young Irelanders. In April of 1848, a group of them went to France to offer their congratulations to the revolutionaries there on the successful toppling of King Louis Philippe I. There, Meagher was given a tricolor Irish flag that had been fashioned out of French silk as a gift.

The Irish Flag did not appear in Dublin until Gearóid O’Sullivan raised the tricolor for the first time at Dublin’s General Post Office in 1916, during the Easter Rebellion. Prior to that, the flag had not been flown there since 1848.

It encapsulated the spirit of the revolutionary cause, and from that point on, the tricolor was considered to be the flag of the Republic of Ireland or Sinn Féin. Even though the flag of Ireland was flown proudly across the land from that point forward, it wasn’t until 1937 that it was given constitutional recognition as Ireland’s official national flag.

The official name for the flag that flies over Ireland.

Bratach na hÉireann is the Irish term for the tricolor flag and ensign, “bratach” being the Irish word for flag. This name was given to the flag and ensign by the Irish.

What does it mean when you see the Irish flag?

The following is the simple and clear interpretation of the Irish flag color meaning:

Green: Roman Catholics are represented by the color green.
White: The color white stands for the harmony and concord that both of these parties are hoping to achieve.
Orange: Orange is the color that signifies the Irish Protestants.

Great Irish Pubs of Ireland

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Great Irish Pubs of Ireland

June 26, 2022June 26, 2022 Kierand LLC

Are you planning a trip this year to Ireland? If so you will definitely want to check out this list of must-see Irish pubs in Ireland. It is imperative that you pay a visit to these fabulous Irish pubs and bars at least once in your lifetime in order to experience traditional Irish music, the warmth of Irish hospitality, Irish beers, and much more.

Seáns Bar in Athlone, County Westmeath, which was built in the 10th century, has the distinction of “oldest bar in Ireland.” Irish pubs have been around for close to a millennium, making it the clear frontrunner for the title of “oldest pub in Ireland.” The Brazen Head, located in Dublin City, is recognized as the “oldest bar in Dublin” due to its foundation in the year 1198. With that being said we have compiled a short list of a few other Irish pubs with think are worth seeing while traveling Ireland.

Famous Irish Pubs:

O’Connor’s Famous Pub, Co. Galway

O’Connor’s Famous Pub is located in County Galway and is the ideal setting for any Galway Girl. O’Connor’s Bar, which is located in the picturesque seaside location of Salthill, asserts that it was Ireland’s first singing bar. That might be argued either way, but thanks to Ed Sheeran, it is without a doubt the most popular pub in all of Ireland.

O’Connors makes an appearance in the music video that Ed Sheeran created for his smash single “Galway Girl,” which also features the actress Saoirse Ronan. If you are interested in going to O’Connor’s, you should know that it is a TRUE Irish bar, which means that it does not have any televisions, does not sell any food, and only opens at night. There is no way you should skip a night spent here.

Matt Molloy’s, Co. Mayo

A leader in both drink and music, Matt Molloy’s may be found in County Mayo. Where can you hear the greatest traditional Irish music performed live seven nights a week? That would be the Irish pub Matt Molloy in Westport.

The proprietor of this bar is also a member of the internationally acclaimed traditional Irish music group The Chieftains. The relationship to the great Irish band The Chieftains is the most effective form of advertising for the establishment. It is one of the most famous Irish pubs and bars in all of Ireland due to the wonderful nights filled with music and craic that can be enjoyed at this establishment. If you are in Westport we definitely recommend having a pint at Matt Molloy’s Pub. In a word, if you want to enjoy a night filled with craic and music in a lively bar, you should put Matt Molloy’s on your list of potential destinations.

The Temple Bar, Co. Dublin

Temple Bar, which is located in County Dublin, can be found smack dab in the middle of Dublin’s most well-known bar area. Temple Bar is a name that is recognized in many parts of the world, and you will be happy to learn that there is, in fact, a Temple Bar.

The Temple Bar is famous all throughout Ireland and is known for being the ideal location to unwind with a pint. It is impossible to adequately describe the vibe both inside and outside of the pub; it is simply something that one needs to feel for themselves. This year, you really must put a trip to The Temple Bar on your must-do list.

Tigh Neachtain, Galway City

Tigh Neachtain, which is located on the corner of Cross Street and has been selling pints of beer since 1894, is a popular establishment in Galway for both its cuisine and its drink. Try to get a spot inside for one of their live music sessions, or arrive early to have a better chance of getting a table outside in their sunny drinking area. If you are able to secure a seat inside, there is a chance that you will never want to leave. Since the bar is a huge supporter of music and art (it is located in Galway, after all), you can anticipate a lot of cultural events occurring around the time of the Galway Arts Festival in July.

The Crown Liquor Saloon, Co. Antrim

One of the most well-known pubs and bars in all of Ireland is located in the county of Antrim and is called The Crown Liquor Saloon. The Crown, which can be situated in the middle of Belfast city, was formerly thought of as the most powerful Victorian gin palace in the whole country. It still has many of the characteristics that were typical of the Victorian era, such as gas lighting, intricate wood carving, and polished brass. This bar is not only difficult to miss, but also not one you want to miss out on.

The Folk House, Co. Cork

The Folk House in Kinsale, which is located in the county of Cork, is a traditional Irish tavern. Due to its laid-back ambiance, blazing open fireplace, and exposed stone walls, the Folk House in Kinsale is the epitome of a traditional Irish bar in its purest form. Additionally, the bar offers a wide variety of beers and whiskeys for patrons to pick from.

Fun Facts About Irish Pubs:

Why were bars originally called public houses?

A picture that illustrates the history of pubs in Ireland. It wasn’t until the latter half of the 17th century that the phrase public house was coined. Prior to that time, “alehouses,” “taverns,” and “inns” were the terms that were used to refer to establishments that were accessible to the general public.

Why do people associate Ireland with pubs?

The genuine atmosphere and friendly atmosphere of Irish pubs have contributed to their widespread popularity. People rave about how much fun the Authentic Irish Pub is, how inviting the staff is, and how much they want to be a part of the community there.

What are the origins of the Irish pub?

The Romans are responsible for the establishment of most aspects of life in the western world, including the bar. As the Roman Empire spread into Celtic Europe, its soldiers, traders, and colonists were able to travel more easily because of the construction of roads. Approximately every 20 miles or so along these highways, there would be a “Tabernae”…or “Tavern.”

What to Know When Visiting an Irish Pub …

One thing is for certain is that the traditional watering hole known as the Irish Pub plays a significant role in Irish civil society. Many of our most accomplished authors got their start in Irish pubs. All of these authors, James Joyce, Samuel Beckett, Oscar Wilde, and Brendan Behan, produced short tales in which the Irish pub served as the primary setting. In Ireland’s pubs, many of the world’s greatest authors have gone in quest of new ideas.

It is customary for the person who invites you to an Irish bar to pay for the first round of drinks upon entering the establishment. However, in order to maintain the spirit of the occasion, you should place the following order before the other customers have finished their beverages. The Irish Pub in Ireland is, and always has been, the most popular destination for vacationers.

A Guide To 12 Infamous Celtic Gods And Goddesses

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A Guide To 12 Infamous Celtic Gods And Goddesses

June 25, 2022June 25, 2022 Kierand LLC

The ancient Celtic mythology included more than 400 Celtic gods and goddesses, and their roles ranged from presiding over rivers to leading armies into battle. Worship of the Celtic gods was not widespread throughout Europe throughout the Iron Age, with the possible exception of Lugh. Instead, it was often confined to only a few provinces or a particular area.

Who are some of the most well-known gods and goddesses from Celtic mythology?

The legends that accompany each god and goddess of Celtic mythology are rich and varied, and often include tales of conflict, tragedy, and the exercise of supernatural or magical abilities.

Dagda – the good god…

Dagda is considered to be among the ‘good’ gods of Celtic folklore. He plays a significant role in Celtic mythology as a father figure. He is the father of Aengus, Bodb Derg, Cermait, Midir, and Brigit. His other children’s names are Midir and Brigit. In ancient times, Dagda presided over the powerful Tuatha Dé Danann clan of Celtic gods, which was said to travel all throughout the island of Ireland.

It is reported that Dagda possessed a number of potent weapons, one of which is a massive club that could kill ten people with a single strike. It also has the ability to bring the dead back to life. In addition, he possessed a cauldron that could be used to produce food and a harp that could be used to call the changing of the seasons. One of Dagda’s numerous lovers was the powerful Morrigan, the Celtic goddess of battle and fate. Dagda also had many more lovers.

Brigid – the enlightened one

There are still many people in Ireland who celebrate Saint Brigid’s Day. St. Brigid’s Day, also known as Imbolc, is observed beginning in the evening of February 1 and continuing through the evening of February 2. It is considered to be the first day of spring.

As a result, Brigid is recognized as one of the most popular Celtic goddesses in modern-day Ireland. Brigid is revered as the goddess of life, as well as springtime and fertility. She is also known as a skilled healer and poet. Brigid was a Celtic goddess who presided over the arts of poetry and prophecy, as well as healing, agriculture, and the element of fire. In reality, she was a member of the Tuatha de Danann and her father was Dagda.

It is thought that Brigid had a few domesticated animals at her home, including sheep, cats, and oxen among other creatures. Brigid was famous for three different facets of her life: as a poet, a healer, and a blacksmith. Some people think that Brigid was actually three gods in one.

Danu – the mother goddess…

Danu is one of the first legendary entities that have been associated with Ireland. This Celtic Goddess is typically shown as a stunning lady, and she is frequently linked to aspects of the natural world.

Danu is revered by her people as the embodiment of the holy mother (the tribe of Celtic Gods). Additionally, she embodies concepts related to rebirth, enlightenment, the afterlife, and wealth. Concerning the historical aspect of the situation, Danu was not only an important Celtic God in Ireland; her fame won her respect in Britain as well as in other parts of the world.

Lugh – a warrior god…

In the Mythology of the Celts, this sun god of all trades and arts was indeed a prominent deity among the Celtic gods and goddesses, despite the fact that God Lugh was only sometimes referenced in inscriptions. Lugh was frequently depicted with his magic spear, Gae Assail, as well as his helmet and armor. He was also associated with ravens and thunderstorms. He was a fierce fighter who was responsible for the death of the one-eyed chief of the Formorii, the legendary Balor. One of the most celebrated heroes in Irish mythology was a warrior named Cuchulainn, and Lugh is said to have been his godfather, according to the tradition.

Badb – the Celtic Goddess of enlightenment…

Badb, the Celtic Goddess, was also thought to be a supernatural monster. She was Ernmas’ daughter and was revered by the Celts. According to Celtic eschatology, Badb is the one who will bring about the destruction of the world. According to the tale, she had the ability to foretell the destruction of the gods as well as the Great Famine that occurred in the 19th century. In Celtic mythology, the word “Crow” refers to Badb, who was also a goddess and whose name means “Crow.” Badb was the patroness of illumination, inspiration, life, and knowledge.

The Morrigan – the goddess of war…

Morrigan, also known as the “Phantom Queen,” is revered as a potent female divinity who is linked with both the afterlife and the course of one’s life. The Morrigan is depicted in stories as both a singular being and a celestial triad consisting of three sisters who had the ability to morph into shrieking crows. The sight of the Morrigan was frequently seen as a warning that a soldier’s brutal end was near. As a result, the banshee figure from Irish legend is connected to her in some way.

The Morrigan is not only renowned as the Phantom Queen in Celtic mythology but she is also referred to as the “Goddess of War” and the “Queen of Demons.” According to the myth, she appeared on the battlefield in the appearance of a crow or a raven and watched over the action. The Morrigan was also capable of predicting who would emerge victorious from the conflict. She materialized in front of Cuchulainn, but he was unable to recognize her at first glance. Shortly after, C Chulainn was killed in a conflict. After he passed away, the Morrigan took the appearance of a bird and perched itself on his shoulder.

Cu Chulainn – the champion of Ulster…

C Chulainn was the legendary hero of the Ulster Cycle in Irish mythology. He was also known by his original name, Setanta. Because he participated in so many fights, C Chulainn should be remembered as a valiant warrior by a great number of people. Cuchulainn was the protector of Ulster, and even today, he is considered to be the most well-known folk hero in all of Ireland. His deeds were valiant; yet, as indicated before, Cuchulainn was not able to recognize the goddess of battle, which ultimately led to his death. Many people know him as a warrior who gained his skills by training in Ireland and Scotland and went on to become one of the most formidable competitors of his era. Imagine him as Ireland’s version of the Greek hero Achilles.

Cailleach – the veiled One…

Cailleach was also known as the Hag of Béara, and she possessed a really amazing power, which was the ability to control the weather as well as the seasons. Her legend is connected to the regions of Cork and Kerry, where she is said to have lived when she was one of the most powerful and oldest mythological entities in Ireland. According to the folklore, Cailleach took the shape of an elderly woman and was responsible for the development of several mountain landmarks in Ireland, including the Cliffs of Moher and Hag’s Head.

Cernunnos – the god of wild things…

Cernunnos is revered by a large number of people as the “god of wild creatures.” He was frequently considered to be the embodiment of nature. Julius Caesar linked the Celtic god Cernunnos with the Roman god Dis Pater, who represented the underworld.

Cernunnos was a horned god who was connected to nature, grain, riches, and creatures that had horns. Julius Caesar linked this fabled figure with the Roman god of the underworld, Dis Pater, and the Druids referred to him as the Honored God. Cernunnos held a reverence for a great variety of creatures, including horned serpents, bulls, stags, and ran. The fact that he is shown in ancient Celtic art as sitting nude in the lotus pose with either horns or antlers perched on his head is an interesting fact.

Aengus – the romantic…

The river goddess Bionn gave birth to Aengus, who was the son of the Dagda. He was the all-powerful deity of youth and love, and he was also known by the names Angus and Oengus of the Bruig. The tale of Aengus tells us how he traveled the length and breadth of the land in quest of a lovely young woman. He was fortunate enough to find one, and he decided to call her Caer. Since she was destined to become a swan along with the other 150 maidens, Aengus made the decision to change into a swan himself so that he may be united with the woman who had been the love of his life.

Medb Queen of Connacht

In Celtic legend, Medb, sometimes known as Maeve, was the queen of Connacht and the ruler of the western part of Ireland. As a powerful leader, she eventually came to govern a large portion of the island, and she frequently came into confrontation with the legendary hero of Ulster, Cu Chulainn.

Medb had a large number of partners, and she expected the same three things from each of her marriages and suitors. These were the fact that they do not feel fear, animosity, or jealousy toward her in any way. She was worshiped as a deity representing absolute power.

Eriu or Eire – the goddess of Ireland

It was impossible to compile a list of ancient Celtic gods and goddesses without including Eire, who is the personification of Ireland. After the Tuatha Dé Danann’s victory against the Milesians, Eire and her two sisters traveled to meet the victors, which is one of the reasons why Eire has come to represent their heritage. In exchange, they proposed to honor her by naming a nation after her.

Who are the best-known Celtic Mythology Gods?

Although there are a great number of gods and goddesses that are well known, Dagda, Brigid, and Queen Mebh are probably the gods and goddesses that are the most well-known in modern times. In our expert opinion, the best-known Celtic Gods are as follows.

Brigid
Queen Mebh
Lugh
Badb
Dagda

Is there a Celtic Gods and Goddesses list?

Brigid
The Cailleach
Aengus
Queen Medb
Cernunnos
Cu Chulainn
The Morrigan
Badb
Lugh
Danu
Dagda

Who were the Tuatha de Dannan?

In Irish mythology, the Tuatha dé Dannan were a magical race of people who lived in Ireland before any of our Irish ancestors ever came to the island. This is according to the legends that have been passed down from generation to generation. According to the urban legend on the googleeeeeeeee, the progenitors of the magical race are said to be alive and well now in the shape of fantastic creatures.

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The Book of Kells: Everything You Need to Know

June 22, 2022June 22, 2022 Kierand LLC

Ireland’s Republic of Ireland’s County Meath has the little town of Kells. The four New Testament gospels are included in the Book of Kells, also known as the Book of Columba, along with additional manuscripts.

The book’s uniqueness comes from the fact that it is an illuminated manuscript with intricate graphics and pictures that are thought to have been created around the year 800 AD.

Although it is not Irish writing, the illuminated manuscript known as the Book of Kells is recognized as a priceless piece of Irish history and may be found in Dublin, Ireland’s Trinity College Library.

ORIGIN OF THE ILLUMINATED MANUSCRIPT CALLED THE BOOK OF KELLS

While it is generally agreed that the monks of St. Columba were responsible for producing the Book of Kells, there is great disagreement as to where exactly they did it. It is thought that it was written by Celtic monks at the monastery’s scriptorium on the island of Iona, part of the Mull chain in western Scotland. Saint Columcille of Donegal established this monastery.

The Lindisfarne Gospels were written in Iona around 700 AD, and the Book of Kells’ design resembles those works, suggesting that Iona rather than Kells was where it was written. Viking invasions of coastal monasteries were a possibility around the start of the ninth century. The majority of this book is said to have been written on Iona and carried back to the Abbey of Kells for preservation.

The relics of Columcille have reportedly transported to Kells from his home County Donegal in the year 1090 AD, according to the Annals of Tigernach, another ancient Irish chronicle.

Two gospels were found among these artifacts, one of which was presumably the Book of Kells. The Book of Durrow is supposed to have been the second gospel. The church at Kells was destroyed in 1641 as a result of an Irish uprising. The English governor of Kells sent the book to Dublin for storage sometime around 1653.

A few years later, Henry Jones, a former soldier in Cromwell’s army, is said to have helped bring the Book of Kells to Trinity College. The Long Room of the Old Library at Trinity College is where you may discover this masterpiece today in Dublin, Ireland. The 340 folios or leaves, each made of calfskin vellum, are bound together in a book that is around thirteen inches broad and ten inches thick. Although this might look substantial, the original was significantly bigger. But over time, thirty folios were lost, and even the ones that were still there had to be reduced for upkeep and rebinding.

Why Was the Book of Kells Created?

The book’s purpose was more ceremonial than practical, despite binding the gospels’ material together. It wasn’t intended to be read during mass. The creation and presentation of the material within the book itself are one of the main justifications for this notion. The text itself is haphazardly scrawled and scattered throughout the pages, in contrast to the carefully thought out and executed images and illustrations.

There is word and paragraph duplication, the omission of crucial phrases, and a lack of attempt to fix these serious mistakes. This book was admired for its decorations and exquisite pictures, not for its content.

The book’s authors appear to prefer the artwork and illustrations above the readings. In a nutshell, the appearance and aesthetics of the book took precedence over its practical utility.

What is the Vulgate?

The fourth-century Latin Vulgate is a translation of the Bible. According to legend, the gospels of the new testament were transferred directly from the Vulgate into the Book of Kells. However, as was already said, the scribes’ compositions were erratic and haphazard. There is the suggestion that they relied on their own memory of what they had previously read rather than copying their lines verbatim from the Vulgate.

The book has additional material in addition to the text, and each page of prose is accompanied by an image. These images feature meticulous details and vivid hues such, among others, purple, pink, green, and yellow.

The Book has Irish-Celtic themes and initials that were influenced by the Hiberno-Saxon style of the 7th century. Along with this, there is also the Anglo-Saxon custom of vibrant color and upbeat compositions. What distinguishes the book are its intricate designs and exquisite craftsmanship.

The illuminations are also another striking element of the book. They span 10 full pages and show small images of evangelical symbols. Some of these portrayals have survived.

The canon tables are given their own elaborately decorated pages in the Book of Kells, which may be found in Ireland. You will discover the emblems that represent each of the four evangelists, with Matthew being shown as a Man, Mark being represented by the Lion, Luke being linked to the Calf, and John being given the Eagle as his emblem.

Additionally discovered are the introductory passages of each of the Gospels. Breves causae are the names given to these condensed versions of the gospel tales. The Vulgate, which was finished by Saint Jerome in 384 AD, serves as the basis for this work, which is written in Latin and is dedicated to the four Gospels. There is also a picture of Christ, in addition to creative depictions of the Virgin Mary and the Christ Child.

The Book of Kells is Written on Vellum

Vellum, which was made from the skins of around 185 animals, was used rather than paper for the writing in the Book of Kells. The monks who lived in Ireland’s monasteries managed large herds of cattle not just to supply milk and food for themselves, but also as a source of vellum, which was the principal writing medium that the monks used. Following the hand stitching that was used to bind the vellum pages together, a protective cover was created out of either leather or wood.

The text of the book is written in an italicized script that is referred to as “insular majuscule.” The intricate knotwork and links that can be found in the images are well-known for the complexity of their design and the attention to detail that went into creating them. It is likely that the book was initially kept in a shrine, which is a jewel-encrusted casing made of gold that is used to contain treasures. Around the year 1000 A.D., the volumes were taken by thieves. It had been buried beneath the ground when it was discovered, but the priceless holder it had been holding was never found.

During the nineteenth century, the book went through a process called “rebinding,” during which the page margins were, regrettably, trimmed and gilded. In 1953, the book underwent yet another rebinding, which resulted in the creation of four distinct volumes. This was done with the intention of assisting in the preservation of its magnificent and rare pages. Two of the four volumes are currently on exhibit at Trinity College in Dublin, where they will remain there indefinitely. The first book has pages of text, whereas the second volume is solely dedicated to displaying illustrations on its pages.

The Book of Kells is an Irish Treasure

The Book of Kells was the most valuable artifact in all of medieval Europe. The Book of Kells is a stunning example of Irish artwork and is considered to be a national treasure. Each year, hundreds of people travel to the Trinity College Library in Dublin in the hope of catching a sight of the two volumes that are kept on exhibit there.

Celtic Jewelry, Ireland, Irish Jewelry, Irish Traditions, St. Patricks Day

The Advanced Guide to 10 Surprising Facts About Emerald

June 21, 2022June 21, 2022 Kierand LLC

To understand the lore of emeralds, and their worth it is imperative to understand the history of emeralds and emerald traditions in modern culture today.

Egypt was home to the world’s earliest emerald mines, which date back to at least 330 B.C. and continued to operate far into the 1700s. It was well known that Cleopatra cherished emeralds, and she even included them in the regal adornments that she wore. Conquistadors from Spain in the 16th century uncovered mines in South America that had been buried by the Incas. The unexpected availability of a large and extraordinary supply of emeralds caused the people of Europe to fall madly in love with the enchantingly gorgeous gemstone.

Even after almost 500 years, emeralds have not lost their power to charm. The month of May is associated with the emerald as its birthstone due to the fact that its green tint represents the rebirth and rejuvenation that comes with the spring season. Because of the “luxury and elegance (it offers) to the palette,” Pantone selected it as the Color of the Year for 2013.

When the mineral beryl is exposed to chromium, vanadium, and iron, an emerald can be created. Emerald’s spectrum of colors results from the existence of these three components in various amounts. Chromium and vanadium form a vivid green hue. The blue color of the stone is due to the presence of iron.

In his poem titled “When Erin first awoke,” the Irish poet William Drennan is widely regarded as the one who originally used the name “Emerald Isle.” Since then, Ireland has been inextricably linked to the color emerald.

Below are a few facts about Emeralds that we are willing to wager you didn’t know if you are interested in learning more about the lovely birthstone for May or contemplating buying in a piece for either the 20th or the 35th anniversary of your marriage.

1. Emeralds do not always have an “emerald green” color.

Because of its name, it may sound a little strange, but emeralds may really come in a wide variety of colors! The popular Johnny Cash song “Forty Shades of Green” is, in all honesty, not too far off the mark when it comes to describing the world around us. Emeralds range in color from deep green to pastel green tints. The emeralds with the darkest green colors are considered to be the most valuable and costly. The precise amounts of the trace elements chromium, vanadium, and iron found in the stone are responsible for the stone’s beautiful array of colors.

Emeralds that range in color from bluish-green to green and have a tone that is medium to medium dark are considered to be the most expensive. Because emeralds tend to form in prisms with six sides, they are inherently well-suited for the emerald cut and are frequently fashioned into this shape.

2. The Emerald’s Cut Is the Most Important Part!

Because emeralds tend to form in prisms with six sides, they are inherently well-suited for the emerald cut and are frequently fashioned into this shape. The cut of a gemstone also has a role in the color that we observe. By using a deep cut and fewer facets, an experienced gemologist may make a lighter stone look darker than it actually is (flat surfaces on the stone). Alternately, a darker stone can be made to look lighter by having a shallower cut and more facets added to it. Given all of this information, it should not come as much of a surprise that this particular gem has a specific cut named after it: “the emerald cut.” In this classic fashion, a great number of exceptional emeralds are cut and polished.

3. Emeralds are more expensive and rarer than diamonds.

Diamonds are typically the first jewels that come to mind when most people think of rare or pricey gemstones. Emeralds, on the other hand, are one of the rarest of all gemstones and consequently command prices that are commensurate with their scarcity. They belong to a family of precious stones known as beryl and may be found mined in locations all over the world, including Central and South America as well as Africa. However, the supply of high-quality or huge stones is restricted, and this is the case even at established emerald mines.

4. Emeralds are a Favorite Gem Among the Rich and Royal

It’s conceivable that the fact that emeralds are so hard to come by is what has made people everywhere, not just the Irish, value them so highly. It is generally established that one of Cleopatra’s favorite stones was emerald, and her affection for the gemstone was well known. According to legend, Cleopatra cherished emeralds, so much so that she allegedly purchased the rights to all of Egypt’s emerald mines in order to ensure that she would always have access to stones of the highest possible grade. Emeralds of exceptional beauty can also be found among the treasures that make up the British Crown Jewels. The Duke of Devonshire Emerald, which weighs 1,383.93 carats, is considered to be one of the biggest uncut emeralds. And of course, the queen of the silver screen, Elizabeth Taylor, was known for her unwavering devotion to exquisite pieces of emerald jewelry. The price paid for an emerald pendant necklace that once belonged to Elizabeth Taylor was around $280,000 per carat when it was auctioned in 2011. The necklace brought in a total of $6.5 million in 2011.

5. Emeralds Outmatch Diamonds in Terms of Value.

The value of an emerald may be determined based on four characteristics: the color, the clarity, the cut, and the carat weight. Color holds the most weight among these four aspects. The ideal hue is a bright emerald or blue-green shade that is uniformly saturated all over and shows no signs of color zoning. When it comes to diamonds, clarity plays a significant role in determining the price of an individual stone. However, inclusions in emeralds are frequently considered to be desirable characteristics. They are capable of forming beautiful patterns that are known in the trade as the emerald’s jardin, which literally translates to “garden.” They are so uncommon that there is a possibility of an increase in value. Because emerald inclusions can be seen with the naked eye, unlike diamond inclusions, which require magnification to be seen, evaluating a stone’s quality does not require any specialized tools or equipment.

6. Emerald Folklores and Symbolism

Putting an emerald under your tongue, according to old emerald mythology, would allow you to glimpse into the future.
Emeralds were supposed to protect against memory loss and improve intuition.
Do you want to be certain that what your sweetheart is saying is true? Emerald was said to work as a kind of truth potion, assisting in determining if the lover’s vows were sincere or untrue.
The emerald’s gentle, relaxing tint allowed early lapidaries to rest their eyes after a long time of concentration. Emerald is still known to soothe and ease eye strain today.

7. Emerald Birthstone

Emerald is the traditional birthstone for May. This emerald-green gemstone has been cherished ever since Cleopatra controlled Egypt, the Incas took control of the Andes Mountains, and monarchs governed India. It is well-known for its stunning appearance. The month of May’s birthstone is emerald, and its beautiful green hue is said to represent prosperity and abundance, love and passion, as well as success and knowledge.

8. Why is Ireland referred to as the Emerald Isle?

Ireland is often referred to as the Emerald Isle due to the fact that the emerald green color of its landscape is so lush and as vibrant as the finest emerald stone. It rains a lot, which is why everything is so green. During the summer it is hot and humid, while during the winter it is chilly and rainy!

9. What Exactly Is an Emerald from Ireland?

A stone that is not indigenous to Ireland; despite the fact that Ireland is often referred to as the Emerald Isle and that emeralds are used extensively in Irish jewelry, emeralds come from Colombia for the most part, and the reason they are associated with Ireland is solely due to the vibrant green color of the stones.

10. Emerald Jewelry from Ireland

Because of its more modern association with the concepts of faithfulness, fresh starts, and peace, the emerald is not only a stunning gem that can be used to embellish wonderful items of jewelry but also a meaningful stone that may be given as a present. We are very pleased to be able to provide our clients with a stunning assortment of emerald jewelry that is both created and crafted right here on the “Emerald Isle.” Have a look at the pieces we have available if you are considering purchasing an emerald accessory for yourself. You may also get in contact with us, and we will be happy to respond to any questions or concerns you may have regarding the stunning emerald jewelry that we provide.

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Learn All About Irish Dance and Step Dancing

May 15, 2022 Kierand LLC

Irish Traditions , Interesting Stories , Education

stepdancing , set dance , learn all about irish dance and step dancing , irish dance , ceili

There are a variety of styles of Irish dancing, such as Irish Stepdancing, Ceili Dancing as well as Irish Set Dancing and this post will attempt to cover all of them in detail while also providing you with a wide variety of additional dance information.

The Irish culture places a significant emphasis on Irish dancing as an art form. The unusual footwork is fascinating to onlookers from other cultures, and they frequently express their delight in seeing it. The television show Riverdance is principally responsible for the widespread popularity of Irish dance that has developed over the past twenty years. However, traditional Irish dances date back hundreds of years older than that. Continue reading to find out more about this fantastic method of artistic expression!

It is thought that Irish stepdancing developed about 2,000 years ago from dances that were performed by Celtic druids in celebration of oak trees and the sun. These dances were believed to have originated in Ireland.Before the arrival of Christianity and other outside influences, the Celts and the druids who wandered the island were responsible for the development of Irish dance. These origins may be traced back to ancient times. Dancing was an important part of many of the religious rites that the Druids performed, and it was typically done in a ring around the holy trees. The Celts had their own traditional dances, which included patterns quite similar to those of the Irish. It was in 1689 when the Irish rinnce fada, which literally translates to “the long dance,” was documented for the first time. At the time, it was performed in celebration of James II’s arrival in Ireland.

But why do Irish dance schools all around the world continue to teach step dancing with their arms held straight out in front of them?

The fact of the matter is that nobody knows for certain how this age-old and one-of-a-kind kind of dance developed; nonetheless, we can have a look at some of the hypotheses that attempt to explain its origins below. One possible justification for this behavior is that it was a kind of protest on the part of Irish dancers who were compelled to perform for Queen Elizabeth I, the person who was ultimately responsible for the establishment of plantations in Ireland. According to the legend, the Queen of England once requested a performance from a troop of Irish dancers. These dancers had no choice but to refuse to extend their arms to her since they had no other option.

They kept them tightly at their sides while they danced as an act of defiance, and maybe to show their fellow countrymen that they were not enjoying themselves when they danced for Queen and the English. This is a distinct possibility given that Irish jigs were a favorite of Queen Elizabeth I’s court and that it is documented that “dances of Irish provenance” were performed there on a regular basis.

What is Ceili Dancing?

Céili dances, (pronounced “kay-lee) sometimes known as authentic éili dances, are one of the most common types of Irish folk dancing. The origins of ceili dance may be traced back several centuries, all the way to the beginning of the 1500s. It is a traditional dance that involves more than two partners. Each pair dances with one another in addition to dancing with the group, and they frequently switch partners with one another. The stretched arms and pointed toes are two characteristics that stand out prominently in ceili dance. The heys, round dances, long dances, and quadrilles that form the basis of Céil dances were largely resurrected during the Gaelic revival in the first part of the twentieth century and standardized by the Irish Dancing Commission. Céil dances are also known as ceilidhs.

What are Irish Set Dances?

The Irish set dance, sometimes referred to as “country sets,” is a well-liked style of the country’s traditional folk dancing. The quadrille, a popular court dance, was changed into set dancing so that it could be performed in rural regions. In a common configuration, it calls for four couples to be positioned in a square. The next step is for four couples at a time to make their way through the square and switch positions. In contrast to ceili, the dancers use the most of the flat section of their feet throughout the majority of the dance, with the exception of a few low kicks and flourishes.

What is Irish Stepdance?

The origins of Irish stepdance may be traced back to traditional Irish dance. Irish stepdance is a type of performance dancing. In general, it is distinguished by a rigid upper body as well as rapid and accurate motions of the feet. The Irish dance known as stepdance can be done either by an individual or by a group. Although it is sometimes danced in pairs, it is not necessary to do so in order to participate. Stepdancing requires the dancers to maintain a stiff upper body. This stands in stark contrast to the movement of their feet and legs, which consists of a series of very quick hops, high kicks, and intricate footwork.

Riverdance Introduced Irish Dance to the World

There is no such thing as an Irish dancing style known as Riverdance. Instead, it is the name of a professional stage production that incorporates vast numbers of setdancers who earn their living in the industry. The audience will be told Irish tales via the use of dance, music, and light during the presentation. Despite having its beginnings in Ireland, the act is now performed all over the world. Riverdance is a stage production that focuses mostly on the music and dance styles that are common in Ireland. It was originally conceived as an interval performance act at the 1994 Eurovision Song Contest and included Irish dance champions Jean Butler and Michael Flatley in addition to the vocal group Anna. Bill Whelan was responsible for the composition of the show’s soundtrack.